Tin is a critical and rare metal produced via carbothermic reduction smelting of upgraded concentrates in two steps, primary and secondary reduction. There is limited literature available on cassiterite smelting and the thermodynamic behavior of Sn during primary and secondary reduction processes. The present work performs a systematic assessment/optimization of smelting parameters of a simpli ...
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari and Sina Mostaghel
2023-10-14
Knowledge of thermodynamics and phase equilibria of oxidic materials is crucial for advancement in the field of ceramics and glass. With the development of computational thermodynamics, predicting phase diagrams and chemical reactions of multicomponent systems has become possible. However, there are still plenty of oxides, the thermodynamic properties of which have not been identified due to the c ...
2023-07-21
HIsarna reactor is characterized by a high raw materials versatility and is therefore attractive for processing secondary iron sources. Among the materials that can be recycled through HIsarna, zinc-bearing material has drawn a special attention. Based on the plant data, once dust-containing Zinc was injected into the main reactor, a final collected dust with a zinc content of 16% was achieved whi ...
2022-10-04
Antimony is classified as a critical/strategic metal. Its primary production is predominated by China via pyrometallurgical routes such as volatilization roasting—reduction smelting or direct reduction smelting. The performance of most of the pyro-processes is very sensitive to concentrate type and grade. Therefore, technology selection for a greenfield plant is a significant and delicate task to ...
2022-07-25
In industrial applications and laboratory studies, it has been shown that the use of water spray may significantly reduce the amount of fume generated from the oxidation process of liquid high carbon ferromanganese alloy. However, in our recent study, it was shown that the oxidation rate of liquid silicon alloy increases with increasing water content in the atmosphere. Therefore, in this paper, th ...
2022-05-27
All available thermodynamic properties and phase diagram data of the Sn-O system at 1 atm total pressure were critically evaluated and optimized to obtain a set of thermodynamic functions of all stable phases. The discrepancies among available experimental phase diagram data were resolved. In addition, new experiments were attempted to determine the melting temperature of SnO2 using sealed Pt caps ...
2021-10-15
Introduction Sulphur removal capacity Iron loss Optimal slag Conclusions List of symbols and abbreviations Disclosure statement References Full Article Figures & data References Citations Metrics Licensing Reprints & Permissions View PDFView EPUB ABSTRACT In hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) the slag will hold the removed sulphur. However, the iron that is lost when the slag is sk ...
2021-02-21
In hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) the slag will hold the removed sulphur. However, the iron that is lost when the slag is skimmed off, accounts for the highest costs of the HMD process. These iron losses are lower when the slag has a lower viscosity, which can be achieved by changing the slag composition. A lower slag basicity decreases the viscosity of the slag, but also lowers its sulphur remo ...
2021-01-01
Integrated steelmaking is known to emit coarse airborne ‘nuisance’ dust (10–100 µm) to the production site and in the local environs. We present a method to quantitatively analyse the provenance, mineralogical and chemical attributes of the constituent particles in nuisance dust related to the integrated steelworks of Tata Steel, IJmuiden, the Netherlands. The dust is characterised per particle, u ...
2020-10-14
The oxidation of silicon (Si) has been extensively investigated over the past 50 years. Yet, an understanding of the mechanism and rate of liquid Si oxidation in atmospheres containing water vapor, is lacking. The effect of water vapor on the oxidation process is of particular importance in the industrial, metallurgical production and processing of liquid silicon, as a significant amount of silica ...
Author(s) :
Yan Ma, Bo Jiang, Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, Stefan Andersson, Elizabeth J Opila, GM Tranell
2019-03-25
A critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling study including key phase diagram experiments was performed to investigate the K2O-Al2O3 and K2O-MgO-Al2O3 systems. For the first time, potassium β- and βʹʹ-alumina solid solutions were described using the Compound Energy Formalism with accurate cation distributions in their sublattices. From the new experimental results, the stability of potassium ...
2018-08-01
A pilot scale, silicomanganese alloy production campaign was performed in a 440 kVA, single phase electric furnace in order to establish an overview of the minor- and trace element contents in process input raw materials and their distribution in the resulting primary and secondary products. Samples of the in-going raw materials (manganese ore, coke, quartzite, and high carbon ferromanganese slag) ...
2018-07-25
For a successful implementation of newly proposed silicon-based latent heat thermal energy storage systems, proper ceramic materials that could withstand a contact heating with molten silicon at temperatures much higher than its melting point need to be developed. In this regard, a non-wetting behavior and low reactivity are the main criteria determining the applicability of ceramic as a potential ...
2017-12-28
This paper describes a method to calculate the thermodynamic properties like enthalpy, entropy and molar volume of oxide mineral phases from their constituent polyhedra. Based on thermodynamic properties of 48 silicate and 19 titanate compounds collected from the critically evaluated and optimized FactSage database, thermodynamic properties of 18 polyhedra were optimized by weighted multiple linea ...
Author(s) :
Ting Wu, Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2017-06-01
The wettability of two Zn–Al alloy coatings (called “McGill 2” and “McGill 3” with 27 and 10 wt% Al, respectively) on the compacted graphite cast iron substrate was studied using the static sessile drop method. The effects of wetting time and coating composition on the macrostructural and microstructural evolution of the system were investigated. It was found that although the contact angle was ob ...
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, Farzad Jalilian, Florence Paray, Daryoush Emadi, Robin AL Drew
2017-04-24
A critical assessment and thermodynamic optimization of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of the entire Na2O–FeO–Fe2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 system were carried out at 1 atm total pressure. A set of optimized model parameters obtained for all phases present in this system reproduces available and reliable thermodynamic property and phase equilibrium data within experimental error limits from 298 K ...
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2017-02-01
Thermodynamic modeling of the sulfide dissolution in the Na2O–FetO–CaO–MgO–MnO–Al2O3–SiO2 multicomponent slags was performed to investigate the desulfurization of hot metal using Na2O-containing fluxes. The dissolution behavior of sulfur in the melts was modeled using the modified quasi-chemical model in the quadruplet approximation. This model can take into account the short-range ordering and th ...
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2016-07-14
The significance of the Na2O-FeO-Fe2O3-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system stems from its applications in industrial processes and natural phenomena. This system in whole or in part was studied for the cooling system of fast breeder reactors, the desulfurization of hot metal and liquid steel, the production of bioactive glasses, coal-combustion slags, the reduction process of bauxite with soda for the p ...
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari
2016-06-01
The sulfide capacity concept has been widely used in pyrometallurgy to define sulfur removal capacities of slags. Typically, the sulfide capacity is considered to be a unique slag property depending only on temperature regardless of partial pressures of oxygen and sulfur. In the present study, it is demonstrated that sulfide capacities of slags in particular those of Na2O-containing slags can vary ...
Author(s) :
In-Ho Jung, Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari
2016-02-01
A complete literature review, critical evaluation, and thermodynamic optimization of experimental phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of the Na2O-FeO-Fe2O3 system were performed at 1 bar total pressure. A set of optimized model parameters obtained for all phases present in this system reproduces available and reliable thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria within experimental error ...
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2015-11-30
A complete thermodynamic description of the Na2O–FeO–Fe2O3–Al2O3 system was conducted based on the critical evaluation and optimization of available thermodynamic properties and phase diagram data. The thermodynamic behavior of the liquid solution was described using the Modified Quasichemical Model, and the solid solutions Na(Al,Fe)O2 meta-oxides and Na2(Al,Fe)12O19 Na-β″-alumina were modeled usi ...
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi‐Khoonsari, In‐Ho Jung
2015-11-03
As part of the complete thermodynamic modeling of the Na2O–FeO–Fe2O3–Al2O3 system, the Na2O–FeO–Fe2O3–Al2O3 phase diagrams in air (1583 and 1698 K) and at Fe saturation (1573 and 1673 K) were investigated using the quenching method followed by Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) phase analysis. General features of the phase diagrams in this system were well revealed fo ...
2015-10-31
The present study focused on reinforcing Al–Si–Cu alloy with a cast iron insert and using Zn–xAl–3Si–0·5Mg (wt-%) intermediate alloys by the cast joining technique to take advantage of lightness and stiffness of the hybrid structure. The experimental set-up consisted of coating the insert using hot dipping method followed by immersing the coated insert into the Al melt and allowing the system to c ...
2013-11-12
In the metallurgical connection of aluminium alloys to steels, it is important to restrain the formation and growth of hard and brittle intermetallic phases at the aluminium/steel interface to enhance the mechanical behaviour of the joint. The influence of two coating materials, electroless plated copper (for 20 and 40 min) and galvanised zinc (at 480 and 550°C), on the quality of the interface be ...
2013-07-19
Managing wastes from the Canadian mining and metallurgical industry is a multidisciplinary socioeconomic and environmental task. On the one hand, many industrial wastes contain metals and materials, which are considered to be strategic and critical for transformation to green technologies and the techno-economic development of society. On the other hand, industrial wastes may contain toxic and har ...
2023-01-06
The electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking route has grown in recent decades, owing to its advantages of treating scraps and direct reduced iron (DRI). The EAF technology and more specifically, the one based on recycling of scraps, largely contributes to reducing the environmental footprint of the steel industry, the preservation of natural resources, and sustainable production. With 0.25-1.15 ton ...
2022-08-02
In general, mine waste may be defined based on the expected quality of ore, as the fraction of mine deposit that contains concerned minerals below the cut-off grade. Mine waste can be categorized into solid waste and wastewater. However, there is no general or global classification system for solid waste and most of the classifications have been carried out so far based on the environmental impact ...
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, Arash Rafiei
2022-05-01
2021-01-01
Mold slag crawling down the outside of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) may occur during continuous casting of steel affecting the SEN port geometry and steel flow patterns in the mold, and leading to defect formation in the final product due to slag accumulations shearing off from the SEN body. There are two possible mechanisms contributing to slag crawling, (a) refractory wetting together wit ...
Author(s) :
E. Moosavi-Khoonsari, E. Zinngrebe, S. van der Laan, R. Kalter, F. Mensonides, Tata Steel, the Netherlands
2019-06-24
Experiments have been performed to investigate the morphology and chemistry of the interaction between mould slag, steel, and SEN refractory that are potentially happening during slag crawling. The experiments were designed to capture the initial stages of the reactions between original reactant partners. It was found that mould slag completely wets the refractory interface to steel, preventing st ...
2019-06-24
The slag in the hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) process should have a high sulphide capacity to capture the sulphur and a low viscosity to minimise the iron loss; in particular the emulsion loss. Although the slag composition changes during the HMD process as a result of reagent injection, the initial slag from the blast furnace (BF) is still the main constituent of the slag after HMD. Therefore, ...
2018-06-18
Author(s) :
E Moosavi-Khoonsari, MA Van Ende, IH Jung
2018-06-13
2018-06-01
During the tapping, refining and casting processes of manganese ferroalloys, there is a considerable amount of fume generated when the high temperature molten metal vaporizes and oxidizes in the air atmosphere. Fume formation is undesired from a work environment perspective and its spreading outside plant premises may be detrimental to local communities. Experimental studies and industrial observa ...
2018-02-28
Author(s) :
In‐Ho Jung, Elmira Moosavi‐Khoonsari, Ting Wu
2017-06-01
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2016-05-22
2015-01-01
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2014-06-01
The desulfurization of hot metal using Na2O-containing fluxes in the hot metal pretreatment stage is of increasing interest. To understand the sulfide capacity of the fluxes, preliminary thermodynamic modeling of the Na2O-FetO and Na2O-FetO-SiO2 systems was performed. The sulfur dissolution in the Na2OFetO-SiO2 melts was then modeled using the two-sublattice Modified Quasichemical Model, which can ...
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2012-10-01
2012-05-01
Managing wastes from the Canadian mining and metallurgical industry is a multidisciplinary socioeconomic and environmental task. On the one hand, many industrial wastes contain metals and materials, which are considered to be strategic and critical for transformation to green technologies and the techno-economic development of society. On the other hand, industrial wastes may contain toxic and har ...
2023-01-06
The electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking route has grown in recent decades, owing to its advantages of treating scraps and direct reduced iron (DRI). The EAF technology and more specifically, the one based on recycling of scraps, largely contributes to reducing the environmental footprint of the steel industry, the preservation of natural resources, and sustainable production. With 0.25-1.15 ton ...
2022-08-02
In general, mine waste may be defined based on the expected quality of ore, as the fraction of mine deposit that contains concerned minerals below the cut-off grade. Mine waste can be categorized into solid waste and wastewater. However, there is no general or global classification system for solid waste and most of the classifications have been carried out so far based on the environmental impact ...
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, Arash Rafiei
2022-05-01
2021-01-01
Mold slag crawling down the outside of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) may occur during continuous casting of steel affecting the SEN port geometry and steel flow patterns in the mold, and leading to defect formation in the final product due to slag accumulations shearing off from the SEN body. There are two possible mechanisms contributing to slag crawling, (a) refractory wetting together wit ...
Author(s) :
E. Moosavi-Khoonsari, E. Zinngrebe, S. van der Laan, R. Kalter, F. Mensonides, Tata Steel, the Netherlands
2019-06-24
Experiments have been performed to investigate the morphology and chemistry of the interaction between mould slag, steel, and SEN refractory that are potentially happening during slag crawling. The experiments were designed to capture the initial stages of the reactions between original reactant partners. It was found that mould slag completely wets the refractory interface to steel, preventing st ...
2019-06-24
The slag in the hot metal desulphurisation (HMD) process should have a high sulphide capacity to capture the sulphur and a low viscosity to minimise the iron loss; in particular the emulsion loss. Although the slag composition changes during the HMD process as a result of reagent injection, the initial slag from the blast furnace (BF) is still the main constituent of the slag after HMD. Therefore, ...
2018-06-18
Author(s) :
E Moosavi-Khoonsari, MA Van Ende, IH Jung
2018-06-13
2018-06-01
During the tapping, refining and casting processes of manganese ferroalloys, there is a considerable amount of fume generated when the high temperature molten metal vaporizes and oxidizes in the air atmosphere. Fume formation is undesired from a work environment perspective and its spreading outside plant premises may be detrimental to local communities. Experimental studies and industrial observa ...
2018-02-28
Author(s) :
In‐Ho Jung, Elmira Moosavi‐Khoonsari, Ting Wu
2017-06-01
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2016-05-22
2015-01-01
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2014-06-01
The desulfurization of hot metal using Na2O-containing fluxes in the hot metal pretreatment stage is of increasing interest. To understand the sulfide capacity of the fluxes, preliminary thermodynamic modeling of the Na2O-FetO and Na2O-FetO-SiO2 systems was performed. The sulfur dissolution in the Na2OFetO-SiO2 melts was then modeled using the two-sublattice Modified Quasichemical Model, which can ...
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2012-10-01
2012-05-01
Author(s) :
Riadh Azzaz, Kianoosh Kaveh, Jean-Benoit Morin, Mohammad Jahazi, Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari
2022-08-21
Author(s) :
Frank NH Schrama, Elisabeth M Beunder, Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, Rob Boom, Jilt Sietsma, Yongxiang Yang
2018-06-01
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2016-02-01
Author(s) :
In‐Ho Jung Elmira Moosavi‐Khoonsari
2014-06-01
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2014-01-01
Author(s) :
Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari, In-Ho Jung
2013-10-01